Prescription Drug User Act ( Pdufa ) - 844 Words

Before getting marketing approval for any drug in United States it has to pass through FDA review process. Under prescription Drug User Act (PDUFA) came in effect in 1992, FDA has set up specific goals to improve drug review process time and created two tiered system of review times. The standard review and The Priority Review. A drug can get priority Review designation if offer major advances in treatment, or provide a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority Review means that the time it takes FDA to review a New Drug application (NDA) is reduced. The goal for completing priority review is six months whereas Standard review process takes ten months. The priority review status can apply both to drugs that are used to treat serious disease and drugs for less serious illness. The FDA is giving additional attention and resources towards the drug approval process which have potential significant advances in a treatment. 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Vestas in Russia Free Essays

string(155) " is especially to prefer, because of its already existing hydropower stations, which could be used to compensate for the possible intermittent wind power\." Vestas in Russia Introduction For my exam project in International Business Environment I have chosen to write about the Danish cooperate Vestas Wind Systems A/S (referred to as Vestas throughout the paper). Vestas is the world’s largest producer of wind turbines and in addition to this it is also the leading company when it comes to green technology regarding wind energy . Vestas not only serves the Danish domestic market, but the company is also present on several foreign markets in other parts of Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and North and South America. We will write a custom essay sample on Vestas in Russia or any similar topic only for you Order Now With over 22. 00 employees spread over 35 countries Vestas is categorized as being a multinational cooperation. As for the market of entry I have chosen The Russian Federation (referred to as Russia throughout the paper). Vestas has not yet entered the Russian market so my exam project will be a hypothetical one. One could question why a global actor like Vestas not already has entered a market with so big opportunities as Russia, but along with visions for great profit comes the reality of great risks and challenges as well. Russia is a vast market for windmills taking the size of the country and the climate debate into perspective. The country is the fourth largest consumer of electricity in the world , but lack of technology hinder Russia to produce it in a climate friendly way. The relevance of a successor to the Kyoto Protocol is at its highest and Russia has expressed great will to find sustainable solutions for its large electricity consumption. Companies capable of exploiting such market are in position for massive gains. This is however easier said than done. Denmark and Russia differ on several aspects of their countries’ structures and Danish companies planning on doing business in Russia hence carefully have to consider these differences. In this paper I will first describe and motivate the entry strategy of Vestas by using John Dunning’s OLI-framework . In this context I will argue why more advanced forms of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) are appropriate for Vestas when entering Russia. Furthermore I will analyze the differences between Vestas’ home market conditions in Denmark, and the conditions of the target market, Russia, regarding adjustments in the marketing mix. To illuminate this section I will use E. Jerome McCarthy’s principle of the four P’s . Lastly I will summarize the above mentioned and discuss the best internationalization strategy for Vestas. Vestas’ competitiveness In order to describe and motivate the entry strategy of Vestas I will outline the advantages based on John H. Dunning’s OLI-framework. Although Vestas already has expanded into many different countries with regards to different culture, political systems and business systems it is not always suitable to use the same entry strategy although the firm is the same in every case. O – Ownership advantage: Vestas’ competitive advantage The O in Dunning’s OLI-framework of specific advantages deals with the Ownership advantage. To expand into new markets Vestas has to be in possession of something that gives the company an advantage compared to its competitors. Vestas has a clear ownership advantage first and foremost in form of its technology and know-how. Denmark has exploited wind energy since 1850s with the purpose of making agriculture more efficient. In the beginning of the 1970s the oil crisis influenced Denmark as well, and to avoid another economic breakdown the Danish government searched for an alternative energy industry. Vestas had already done RD (Research and development) and tried out the construction of windmills since 1971. However they first entered the market in 1979 with a licensed windmill. In the development of the required technology, subsidy from the government and research on RISO (The National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy) has had a vast significance for Vestas, enabling it to play the leading role it does today. Besides the support from the government, Denmark has a highly skilled labor force, which of course also adds to Vests’ ownership advantage. Nevertheless as Lars Andersen (Managing Director of Vestas’ Sales) mentions, it is not only the technology and the skilled employees that give Vestas an ownership advantage: â€Å"However, it also has to do with our ability to deliver on time, the fact that things work from day one, and, in particular, the fact that we fulfill customers’ expectations for a good, reliable return on their investment. In other words, we are not simply selling a wind turbine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Vestas does not only manufacture and sell the wind turbines, it also provides installation and subsequent after-sales-service, which not many Russian competitors can match. Vestas is, in addition to the above mentioned, a multinational company with more than 30 years of experience and is therefore in a greater position than later emerged firms. Vestas is on top of this a world-known and respected brand with focus on quality and is represented in 35 countries spread out all over the world. The company has the largest market share, 24,8% , of the global market, which again places Vestas in a favorable situation when it comes to taking advantage of for instance the experience curve. L – Location advantage The L in Dunning’s OLI-framework deals with the location advantage. Saying there should be an advantage for Vestas for doing business in Russia as a location for export or more advanced forms of FDI. Russia is geographically an enormous country (covers over 17 million square miles) and includes areas with a very low population density. These areas have great potential for windmill parks and the coastal areas of the Pacific and Arctic Oceans, the vast steppes and the mountains are the areas of highest potential. On the other hand it would also be favorable to place the wind energy system in regions where there is an existing power infrastructure and major industrial consumers. Areas, which fulfill these requirements, are the steppes along the Volga River, the northern Caucasus Mountains and various locations in Siberia including the Chukotka Peninsula in the Magadan region . Chukotka Peninsula is especially to prefer, because of its already existing hydropower stations, which could be used to compensate for the possible intermittent wind power. You read "Vestas in Russia" in category "Papers" Another location advantage for Vestas is the fact that the Russian population is the fourth largest consumer of electricity in the world. Hence there is a demand for Vestas’ products and in particular when taking the Russian will to reduce greenhouse emission into consideration. Russia is willing to play an active role regarding the improvement of the global heating problem. The country has already reached its commitment stated in the Kyoto-protocol, but the Russian president Dmitri Medvedev declares that Russia â€Å"would try to reduce greenhouse emissions by 25% by 2020. † The quotation signals a will from the government o find more sustainable solutions for production in Russia, and because Vestas does â€Å"business to business† and â€Å"business to government† commerce, it is of great importance with prospect for government interest and support. In this setting it is worth mentioning that The Ministry of The Russian Federation has published â€Å"T he 2020 Energy Strategy†, which describes how to reach the new goal by prioritizing, among other things, ecological energy security through energy policy. In addition to the above-mentioned advantages of Russia as a location for Vestas’ expansion come the possibilities of reducing the overall production costs. As it is with most emerging markets, like Russia, wages are lower than in more developed markets like Denmark. Hence by moving production to Russia Vestas would be able to compete on both quality and price, although their main focus most likely would be on quality . The location advantage is even greater when taking into consideration that there are no real national or international competitive competitors settled in the market yet, hence there is a possibility of a first mover advantage for Vestas as well. Notable is nevertheless also the risk for a first-mover disadvantage in terms of costs and risks when preparing the market for the ‘new’ product. I – Internationalization advantage If Vestas expanded into Russia it would strengthen its position of being â€Å"No. 1 in Modern Energy†, which was Vestas’ slogan before the recent switch to: †Wind. It means the world to us†. Furthermore if Vestas gained the first mover advantage it would give the company control over one of the worlds biggest markets. The internationalization advantage is gained in form of a proper entry mode. The chosen entry mode is of great advantage if it is selected in accordance to Vestas’ now described ownership advantage and Russia’s location advantages. Vestas’ main ownership advantage is their know-how and technology while the location advantage of Russia primarily are the huge market possibilities and the government’s positive attitude towards renewable energy sources. What remains is, which type of entry mode that exploits both Vestas’ ownership advantage and Russia’s location advantage? Would licensing or exporting be the best-suited entry mode or should Vestas take greater risks and do more advanced FDI? Vestas wants to keep their know-how, but by pursuing a licensing entry mode, spillovers will occur. Vestas would have little control over production, giving possibilities for competitors to emerge and quickly become as efficient as Vestas. Exporting is neither a favorable entry for Vestas. The transportation costs are extremely high, when it comes to the final products. Each piece of the windmill weights approximately 250 tons and thus not suited for export. Other obstacles for the export as an entry mode are the protectionist policies and Russian trade barriers as for instance high tariffs. Vestas would have to pay up to 20% tariff + an additional charge (Value Added Tax) of another 18%, making a total of 38% for exporting its products into Russia. Russia ranks 162 out of 183 countries on the list of ease to do cross border trading with. To compare, Denmark ranks 6 which means that the products produced expensively in Denmark becomes more expensive by being exported to Russia. This situation will of course change if Russia gets its membership in the WTO, but this is not yet achieved. To sum up Vestas needs to move in with plants in Russia and with more advanced FDI to protect its know-how asset and to stay competitive. There are two options for this being either a joint venture or a wholly owned subsidiary. The most obvious solution would be the wholly owned subsidiary, where Vestas could protect its know-how by owning 100 % of the stocks. On the other hand there is a time perspective to consider as well. Siemens, one of Vestas German competitors, have recently announced plans on moving into the Russian market on a large scale . Setting up a wholly owned subsidiary as a green field venture takes a lot of time and the alternative of an acquisition is not an option since Vestas has core values and does not want to take over existing operating routines and enterprise culture. Another aspect, which is important to these considerations, is the fact that corruption and bureaucracy, which makes connections and personal relations very important for success, mark Russian business. Setting up a joint venture with a local firm solves this problem for Vestas, since Vestas would benefit from the partner’s country specific knowledge of culture, language, political systems, business systems and local connections. A joint venture is at the same time a less risky (capital vise) and less time-demanding entry mode, than a wholly owned entry mode, which Vestas needs to take into considerations in order to prevent falling behind Siemens. The major disadvantage of choosing a joint venture is of course the risk of spillover, eading to future competitors. On the other hand it is possible to construct the joint venture to minimize this risk. Vestas needs to engage in a joint venture where it owns the majority of the cooperation and thus is able to remain control. One might argue that it would be difficult to find a company, which would accept to own minority of the joint venture, but taken the undeveloped market into consideration, it should not be a huge problem. Ther e are only a few local firms in the windmill industry in Russia. All of these would most likely be interested in boosting their profit (value creation) and it is not an unattractive offer to join the world leading windmill cooperate in a first mover attempt with prospect of a significant future market share in the Russian market. The joint venture and expansion of Vestas would also have to be on a large scale to be able to capture demand, establish a strong brand name and realize economies of scale. This would no matter what be an ideal opportunity for any local producer in Russia, although they would have to accept Vestas owning the majority of the joint venture. Differences and adjustments There are several aspects where the Russian market conditions differ from the Danish market conditions. These are necessary to look at in order to outline the needed adjustments for Vestas’ marketing mix. Differences in market conditions When comparing Russia and Denmark regarding the ease to do business in, it is very clear that there is a vast gap between the two. According to a survey by The World Bank, Denmark ranks 6 whereas Russia ranks 120 out of 183 countries (1 being the easiest country to do business in). I could therefore point at several diverging market conditions, but because of limitations of this paper I have chosen to focus on the following four: Infrastructure, climate, GDP per capita and the level of corruption. One might argue that ‘climate’ is not of great importance when speaking of market conditions, but in my opinion it is a very significance factor in this case concerning the marketing mix, which I will elaborate on in the following section. Infrastructure is important for Vestas when it comes to distribution of the company’s products. When looking at infrastructure in Russia and Denmark the most noteworthy factor is distances and terrain. Russia is the largest country in the world covering 11 time zones and it does not entail deep analysis to conclude that it requires great coordinated logistic to create a well functional infrastructure. This has for several of reasons not yet succeeded for Russia and the country’s infrastructure is hence very fragmented. An uneven terrain with low population density and nature impediments as rivers and mountains has hindered buildings of proper roads and connections, which have a great influence on Vestas’ ease of doing business. Because of the enormous extent of Russia, the climate varies a lot from the coasts to the mid-country and from the west (Europe side) to the east (Asian side). The temperature fluctuates between the extremes of -65  °C in the winters and +40 °C in the summers. The wind is an important factor to look at in this case as well, because Russia possesses areas with all degrees (categorized as: Low, medium and high) of wind power. The climate differences is thus of great importance regarding Vestas’ product differentiation. Moving focus to the more economic orientated difference in market conditions is the GDP per capita (PPP). Russia’s GDP per capita is low compared to Denmark’s. According to the ranking done by International Monetary Fond, Russia ranks 51 in contrast to Denmark’s ranking as 17th . This means that Russian consumers, including the government and large enterprises, have less purchasing power compared to the Danish consumers. Little purchasing power could be an obstacle for Vestas. If consumers don’t have much money to spend, they would most likely not have the mental surplus to think of the environmental dimension by burning fossil fuels. If generating electricity the cheapest and easiest means exploiting fossil fuels, this is what they will do. However higher purchasing power (higher GDP per capita) results in the means to be able to prioritize such things as future global environment. Looking at the energy produced in Russia, over 60% of the electricity generated is based on gas- and coal power whereas less than 1% of the electricity generated is based on renewable energy production . In contrast stands Denmark, where wind power alone in 2008 generated 18,9% of the Danish electricity demand . The growth in GDP per capita in Russia was before the economic crisis, around 7-8% . This is promising for Vestas as a continuous high growth in GDP per capita means a more developed economy, higher purchasing power and therefore increased interest in products like the ones Vestas offers. The fourth difference I have chosen to outline is the high level of corruption in Russia. Russia ranks number 146, whereas Denmark ranks number 2 (1 being the less corrupt) in the Corruption Perceptions Index (2009) made by Transparency International. Vestas has no power to end corruption by itself, so instead it should focus on how to deal with it in business situations. Adjustments in marketing mix: The four P’s I will use E. Jerome McCarthy’s principle of the four P’s: Place, Product, Price and Promotion to analyze the needed adjustments for Vestas’ marketing mix. The four differences (infrastructure, climate, energy production and level of corruption) described in the previous section are all differences that affect these adjustments. The †p† concerning the place (distribution) deals with how to get the product to the consumer. It would be obvious to discuss adjustments to retail concentration, channel length, channel exclusivity and channel quality, but selling Vestas’ products is not like selling jeans or other regular consumer goods. There is no distribution channel, or at least it is very short, because Vestas sells directly to the customer, being government or large enterprises. However the undeveloped infrastructure, as outlined as a big difference between the Danish market conditions and the Russian market conditions, is of great importance for Vestas’ delivery to its customers. Vestas’ products require stable roads (due to heavy weight and size) and connections to the best set-up areas. The infrastructure is best around Moscow and St. Petersburg, due to big business, but this is not necessarily the best location for Vestas’ production. As mentioned before the best set-up areas are the vast steppes along the Volga River, the Caucasus Mountains and locations in Siberia. In Denmark Vestas can easily get around to all parts of the country, but Russia’s huge distances and the uneven terrain in many areas do acquire adjustments. Vestas carefully have to reconsider where to place the facilities of production to minimize transportation costs, and not to forget, maximize availability. This might require compromises in form of set-ups in optimal and less optimal wind areas. To do this Vestas has to deliver wind turbines that also are able to exploit the low winds and Vestas thus has to adjust its products to the Russian climate conditions. Other adjustments are necessary for the turbines to manage the before mentioned freezing winters with temperatures down to -65  °C and the hot summers with temperatures up to +40 °C. The turbines should be able to function all year round to be attractive to customers. Vestas has to differentiate the turbines to match these standards compared to the standards in Denmark, where weather conditions don’t differ as much. In other words, Vestas’ product differentiation is necessary to encounter pressure for local responsiveness and thus reach its customers. The customer segment that Vestas tries to reach is a narrow segment consisting of the government and maybe a few other large enterprises, which would be interested in promoting a green profile. The government and the large businesses would, as most customers, be concerned about price. To match Russia’s rank regarding the low GDP per capita, Vestas would have to make an adjustment in form of lower prices. Price is however not the main focus for Vestas . Quality and safety is their top priority, but of course they would be able to take advantage of the lower labor costs in Russia and thus lower the overall production costs. Vestas could however use strategic pricing in form of experience curve pricing to gain market share and relations to the large customers before competitors emerge. This could be rewarding because of the promising growth in Russia’s GDP per capita, which presents better future market conditions for Vestas’ products. Vestas should at the same time stress that setting up windmills is an investment that might require lots of capital as a starting point, but in the long-term perspective it would be worth it. Today Russia is self-sufficient in terms of energy . However the supply of fossil fuels is diminishing and the demand for it is increasing. Investing in wind power would be a possible way for Russia to stay self-sufficient in the future. Left remains the question of how to communicate all this to Vestas’ customers? When choosing a promotion strategy Vestas has to adjust its approach to the above described high level of corruption. One way of doing this is by having the right connections; knowing the right people. As previous mentioned I would suggest Vestas to pursue an entry mode of a joint venture and thereby gain the advantage of local relationships, which could help Vestas to get around the bureaucracy. On the other hand it is of paramount importance that Vestas ‘stay clean’. If Vestas in any way gets associated with any form for corruption, it will have tremendous consequences not only for the domestic market, but also for the global market that Vestas operates in. In accordance to the entry mode I would suggest Vestas to practice a push strategy. It would be a waste of resources to communicate through mass media to vast private consumer segments, to which Vestas’ products have no interest. Vestas’ communication should be directly orientated at the small customer segment, previous outlined. Personal selling, exploiting the local partner’s ability to speak the local language, perhaps supported by additional informative products to be handed out and an enlightening webpage is the best way for Vestas to reach its potential customers. Vestas’ internationalization strategy In the last part of this paper I will sum up and describe the best internationalization strategy for Vestas when entering the Russian market. Throughout the paper I have concluded that now is a good time for Vestas to enter the Russian market, because of prospects for government interest and support and no real competitors settled in the market yet. Hence Vestas has an opportunity for a first-mover advantage, but only if they enter the market on a large scale. Entering on a large scale is associated with greater risks and costs, but taken the growth in GDP per capita and the decreasing amount of fossil fuels into considerations, it is most likely that Vestas in the long-term perspective will secure massive gains from having established the contacts and its own brand in an early phase. I have already argued that I find a joint venture the most appropriate form of entry mode for Vestas. Forming a joint venture with the right partner, a partner that has agreed to Vestas’ way of doing business e. g. no corruption, is the best way to remain in control, but still benefit from local knowledge, which is of great value because of the different market conditions compared to Denmark. Due to these different market conditions, Vestas also has to adjust its marketing mix. The most important adjustments would be: Reconsideration of production locations concerning infrastructure impediments, product differentiation and the use of a push communication strategy with help from the chosen partner’s local advantages. There is no doubt about the difficulties a global actor faces. A company like Vestas carefully needs to consider every aspect of a business opportunity to prepare for an expansion into a new market. Vestas operates all over the world where it has to respond to pressures for local responsiveness and pressures for cost reductions. There is a pressure for local responsiveness in Russia due to the geography and the political system. The question is, if this pressure is low or high? I would categorize it as being in between. The pressure is not low since the expansion requires considerable adjustments in the marketing mix, but the pressure is on the other hand neither as high as pressure for local responsiveness for e. g. lothes or cars. Concerning the pressure for cost reduction it is necessary to take a look at Vestas competitors in the Russian market. At the time being, there are not many, but as mentioned before Siemens is planning on moving in. In addition to this, many Asian competitors have emerged in China as well and might constitute future competition. I would therefore say that pressure for cost reduction in Russia at the time being is low, but in the near future this pres sure will definitely increase due to the above explained. Vestas could enter with a location strategy or an international strategy, in accordance to the low pressure for local responsiveness, but if the company wants to prepare itself to face upcoming aggressive competitors it might be strategic wise to enter with a transnational strategy already at this point. Pursuing such strategy will as well benefit the information flow between Vestas subsidiaries and between the subsidiaries and the home country, which is necessary for sharing one of Vestas’ core competences: know-how. If Vestas not only is able to take advantage of the outlined possibilities but at the same time adjust and respond to the described impediments, it has great opportunities to grasp large profits and at the same time remain competitive in perspective of the Russian market as well as the global market. References The paper is based on classes in International Business Environment plus the beneath listed Book: Hill Charles WL, International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace, 8th edition How to cite Vestas in Russia, Papers

Bellamy free essay sample

When Julian West wakes up in the year 2000, he discovers that the capitalist society in which he had previously lived has been eradicated and transformed into a socialist society where the problems of his era no longer exist . Throughout the novel, Edward Bellary addresses the hardships of a society stricken by economic turmoil and social injustice by introducing a utopian society that eliminates unequal distributions of wealth, war, greed, titration and malevolence.This utopian society features an economic structure that has consolidated multiple corporations into a single conglomerate controlled by the government, in which citizens are positioned in jobs based on their interest and skill set. Each person contributes to, and shares in the spoils of, a collective industrial system. Instead of money, citizens are given equal amounts of credit, which they can use on any purchase of their choosing however if an individual is unable to handle the credit that is allocated to them, the ind ividual will be given less credit. We will write a custom essay sample on Bellamy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the kook, Bellarys vision for economic equality and individual freedom comes from enforcing universal education while providing everyone with the same opportunities. He describes a system that uses incentives such as adjustments to labor hours and forms of rewards through medals and honors to motivate individuals to work hard however find that Bellary does not consider individual differences and nature. Edward Bellarys idea that if incentives and The equal distribution of property leads to what Bellary sees as a vastly morally improved society without money and without private enterprises.In his society, people work for pride rather than for money. In addition, the patriotic desire to serve the government and the common good has replaced the profit motive. Whereas the 19th century emphasized individualism and private business, the 20th century now emphasizes cooperation and the contribution by all to the common good and the general improvement of society. Bellary based his good so ciety on a system of cooperative equality. Assuming the natural goodness of man, he contends that, given the right system, rational people would respond with cooperation.

The lottery winner Essay Example For Students

The lottery winner Essay The book starts out in Manhattan, New York in modern times. The book mostly takes place in New York city but throughout the book they also travel to London, England, cypress point spa, and several other places. The book ends back in Manhattan, New York. Alvirah Meehan is a former maid that is near her sixties and has quit her job after her and her husband struck it rich in the winning of the lottery. Alvirah started taking interest in helping people with murders and other problems that she ran across while traveling across the world. After she had won the lottery the New York Globe news paper had asked her to write about all of her different adventures. We will write a custom essay on The lottery winner specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Willy Meehan is around his sixties, he has blue eyes with white hair. Willy is a former plumber who quit his job after wining the lottery with his wife Alvirah. Willy enjoys traveling with Alvirah to all the different places. He is very supportive and help full to Alvirah in her interest of helping others with there crimes. He also enjoys helping the poor or just those people that cant afford to hire a plumber so he dose the job for free. Brian who is somewhere around his twenties, he is an up and coming famous play writer. Brian is the nephew of Willy. Brian is first introduced in the first story called The body in the closet.He was staying at the apartment of Willy and Alvirah were a body was found in there closet at there return from there trip to England. He becomes the main suspespect in the murder because he was the last be in the apartment. This was not a good thing for Brian because his career was just taking off with all the great plays he was writing. Brian becomes very lucky with the help of Alvirah as they prove his innocence. Brian then was able to go back on with is writings of the plays. Cynthia Lathem was found guilty for the murder of her father in the second story.It all happened when she was in her junior year of the Rhode Island School of Design when her step father Stuart Richards was found shot to death in the study of his mansion. Cynthia spent 12 years in prison for the murder. She spent the time thinking and asking herself who could have set me up. Cynthia knew that she was innocent and thats when she meet Alvirah who was the answer to all her problems because she was about to help prove her innocence. Cynthia proved her innocence and then went on to marry and enjoy her life. Rhonda Alvirez the winner of six million dollars. She was latter cheated out of the money by her husband when he swapped the ticket with a ticket bought by the lady he had thought he fell in love with. A lady that he had been having an affair with. His intentions where to run off with her, but things got out of hand and he was killed. Rhonda then became the main suspect in the murder only to make things worse in her life. But once again Alvirah was to the rescue she meet her and Alvirah began to take over by going through her crime solving technics. With the help of Alvirah Rhonda was found not guilty and received the six million dollars that was so rightfully hers. The book starts out with Alvirah and willy returning from their trip from England just after they struck it rich in the lottery. Alvirah takes interest in solving crimes and murders so at each trip she ends up in getting herself into something or another dealing with crime. She helps many people throughout the book where it ends back in New York where she solves her last crime. .u84a982eb358ff5f91c03714847ff250f , .u84a982eb358ff5f91c03714847ff250f .postImageUrl , .u84a982eb358ff5f91c03714847ff250f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u84a982eb358ff5f91c03714847ff250f , .u84a982eb358ff5f91c03714847ff250f:hover , .u84a982eb358ff5f91c03714847ff250f:visited , .u84a982eb358ff5f91c03714847ff250f:active { border:0!important; } .u84a982eb358ff5f91c03714847ff250f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u84a982eb358ff5f91c03714847ff250f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u84a982eb358ff5f91c03714847ff250f:active , .u84a982eb358ff5f91c03714847ff250f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u84a982eb358ff5f91c03714847ff250f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u84a982eb358ff5f91c03714847ff250f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u84a982eb358ff5f91c03714847ff250f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u84a982eb358ff5f91c03714847ff250f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u84a982eb358ff5f91c03714847ff250f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u84a982eb358ff5f91c03714847ff250f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u84a982eb358ff5f91c03714847ff250f .u84a982eb358ff5f91c03714847ff250f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u84a982eb358ff5f91c03714847ff250f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Application Stuff: EssayThe theme of the book was that Alvirah in how she won the lottery and found herself to be very good at crime solving as she travels the world helping people as well as in her home town Manhattan, New York. She wanted to be apart of everything no matter how much harm it would bring to herself. There was at least one time in the book where she almost had her own life taken by another person while trying to help solve a crime. I think that Alvirah learns in this book that she could have been a lot better detective than just a cleaning lady. The book was very interesting. It was always hard to find a place to quit reading. The book was very suspenseful always leaving you to guess what could possible happen next. I was always on the edge of my chair waiting and wondering what could possibly happen next. I would recommend the book to anyone that enjoys reading suspenseful books. Bibliography:Authors Biography:Mary was born and raised in New York. She is of Irish descent who considers her Irish heritage an important influence on her writing. Marys father died when she was just Ten years old leaving her mom to raise her and her and her two brothers. After she graduated she went on to secretarial school so that she could get a job to help her mother with family fiances. She went on to marry a neighbor who she had known since she was 16 years old. Then later her husband died leaving her to raise there five children. Shortly after she became more known before she became the writer she is today.Who we refer to as the AMERICAS QUEEN OF SUSPENSE. Authors Biography:Mary was born and raised in New York. She is of Irish descent who considers her Irish heritage an important influence on her writing. Marys father died when she was just Ten years old leaving her mom to raise her and her and her two brothers. After she graduated she went on to secretarial school so that sh e could get a job to help her mother with family fiances. She went on to marry a neighbor who she had known since she was 16 years old. Then later her husband died leaving her to raise there five children. Shortly after she became more known before she became the writer she is today.Who we refer to as the AMERICAS QUEEN OF SUSPENSE.

How Technology Effects Modern America Essays - Diploma, Documents

How Technology Effects Modern America Essays - Diploma, Documents How Technology Effects Modern America U.S. Wage Trends The microeconomic picture of the U.S. has changed immensely since 1973, and the trends are proving to be consistently downward for the nation?s high school graduates and high school drop-outs. ?Of all the reasons given for the wage squeeze ? international competition, technology, deregulation, the decline of unions and defense cuts ? technology is probably the most critical. It has favored the educated and the skilled,? says M. B. Zuckerman, editor-in-chief of U.S. News Since 1973, wages adjusted for inflation have declined by about a quarter for high school dropouts, by a sixth for high school graduates, and by about 7% for those with some college education. Only the wages of college graduates are up. Of the fastest growing technical jobs, software engineering tops the list. Carnegie Mellon University reports, ?recruitment of it?s software engineering students is up this year by over 20%.? All engineering jobs are paying well, proving that highly skilled labor is what employers want! ?There is clear evidence that the supply of workers in the [unskilled labor] categories already exceeds the demand for their services,? says L. Mishel, Research Director of Welfare Reform Network. In view of these facts, I wonder if these trends are good or bad for society. ?The danger of the information age is that while in the short run it may be cheaper to replace workers with technology, in the long run it is potentially self-destructive because there will not be enough purchasing power to grow the economy,? M. B. Zuckerman. My feeling is that the trend from unskilled labor to highly technical, skilled labor is a good one! But, political action must be taken to ensure that this societal evolution is beneficial to all of us. ?Back in 1970, a high school diploma could still be a ticket to the middle income bracket, a nice car in the driveway and a house in the suburbs. Today all it gets is a clunker parked on the street, and a dingy apartment in a low rent building,? says Time Magazine (Jan 30, 1995 issue). However, in 1970, our government provided our children with a free education, allowing the vast majority of our population to earn a high school diploma. This means that anyone, regardless of family income, could be educated to a level that would allow them a comfortable place in the middle class. Even restrictions upon child labor hours kept children in school, since they are not allowed to work full time while under the age of 18. This government policy was conducive to our economic markets, and allowed our country to prosper from 1950 through 1970. Now, our own prosperity has moved us into a highly technical world, that requires highly skilled labor. The natural answer to this problem, is that the U.S. Government?s education policy must keep pace with the demands of the highly technical job market. If a middle class income of 1970 required a high school diploma, and the middle class income of 1990 requires a college diploma, then it should be as easy for the children of the 90?s to get a college diploma, as it was for the children of the 70?s to get a high school diploma. This brings me to the issue of our country?s political process, in a technologically advanced world. Voting & Poisoned Political Process in The U.S. The advance of mass communication is natural in a technologically advanced society. In our country?s short history, we have seen the development of the printing press, the radio, the television, and now the Internet; all of these, able to reach millions of people. Equally natural, is the poisoning and corruption of these medias, to benefit a few. >From the 1950?s until today, television has been the preferred media. Because it captures the minds of most Americans, it is the preferred method of persuasion by political figures, multinational corporate advertising, and the upper 2% of the elite, who have an interest in controlling public opinion. Newspapers and radio experienced this same history, but are now somewhat obsolete in the science of changing public opinion. Though I do not suspect television to become completely obsolete within the next 20 years, I do

Brief On The Code Of Hammurabi Essay

, Research Paper Brief Look at the Code of Hammurabi In his place as King of Babylonia, Hammurabi managed to form the universe # 8217 ; s first codification of Torahs and set up Babylon as the dominant and successful Amorite metropolis of its clip. # 8220 ; Records written on clay tablets show that Hammurabi was a really capable decision maker and a successful warrior. His regulation spanned from 1792 BC to 1750 BC When he became king in 1792, he was still immature, but had already become entrusted with many official responsibilities in his disposal # 8221 ; ( Grolier ) . In the early old ages of his reign, Hammurabi largely participated in traditional activities, such as mending edifices, delving canals, and contending wars. Yet subsequently in his regulation, Hammurabi organized a alone codification of Torahs, the first of its sort, hence doing himself one of the universe # 8217 ; s most influential leaders. Hammurabi was chiefly influential to the universe because of his codification of Torahs. This codification consisted of 282 commissariats, consistently arranged under a assortment of topics. He sorted his Torahs into groups such as household, labour, personal belongings, existent estate, trade, and concern. This was the first clip in history that any Torahs had been categorized into assorted subdivisions. This format of organisation was emulated by civilisations of the hereafter. For illustration, Semitic cultures wining Hammurabi # 8217 ; s regulation used some of the same Torahs that were included in Hammurabi # 8217 ; s codification. Hammurabi # 8217 ; s method of idea is apparent in present twenty-four hours societies, which are influenced by his codification. Modern authoritiess presently create specific Torahs, which are placed into their appropriate household of similar Torahs. Hammurabi had his Torahs recorded upon an eight-foot high black rock memorial. Hammurabi based his codification on rules like, the strong should non wound the weak, and that penalty shou ld suit the offense. As for penalty, â€Å"legal actions were initiated under the codification by written pleadings ; testimony was taken under curse. The codification was terrible in its punishments, ordering â€Å"an oculus for an oculus, a tooth for a tooth† ( Grolier ) . These codifications of Torahs were maintained by raising the authorization of the Gods and the province. Although the penalties were different than those of today, the authorization of the province ( authorities ) is similar. Presently, penalties are issued through the province # 8217 ; s jurisprudence enforcement system, comparable to the manner penalty was determined and enforced in ancient Babylon. In the codification, offenses punishable by decease required a test in forepart of a bench of Judgess. Included in these offenses were: bigamy, incest, snatch, criminal conversation and larceny. There were besides Torahs similar to today. For illustration, a hubby who wished to disassociate his married woman, was required to pay maintenance and child support. By making the universe # 8217 ; s first set of organized Torahs, Hammurabi constituted a theoretical account set of moral codifications for other civilisations to double. # 8220 ; The codification of Hammurabi is believed to hold greatly influenced the development of Near Eastern civilisations for centuries after it was written # 8221 ; ( Britannica ) . Although Hammurabi failed to set up an effectual bureaucratic system himself, his thoughts were successful in set uping Torahs in Babylonia. Since Babylon was the universe # 8217 ; s first city, the big population needed to be bound by a rigorous set of organized civil Torahs. The manner Hammurabi constructed his Torahs is influential to the universe today, because Torahs can be more easy understood by the people. Bibliography # 8220 ; Code of Hammurabi. # 8221 ; Encyclopedia Britannica ( 1989 ) , X, 682. # 8220 ; Hammurabi. # 8221 ; Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia ( 1994 ) . # 8220 ; Hammurabi. # 8221 ; Compton # 8217 ; s Encyclopedia ( 1990 ) , XI, 225.

Role Of Women In Ancient Egypt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Role Of Women In Ancient Egypt - Essay Example Hatshepsut reigned until her death in 1457 B. C, despite the constant threat by her co-ruler Thutmose III, who was at the time old enough and ready to take back his throne. Upon her death, most of her monuments were destroyed, and her name erased from the Egyptian records. Ancient Egyptians were religious, and women had several roles to play in religious activities. First, there were several female goddesses worshiped by the Egyptians. Women were also musicians and priestesses in the temples where religious ceremonies were held. In the role of the temple, women were musician-priestesses and held an important and honorable place in Egyptian religious society. They performed music and sung for the god Amum for his entertainment. In the social role, women were supposed to offer companionship and love to the Egyptian men. They also held the role of childbirth. During child delivery, other women acted as midwives to help the expectant woman through the whole process. Women were also responsible for the raising up of the children. Economically, women were allowed to start and run businesses of their own. In addition to this, several jobs were available to them. They included perfume makers, bakers, and weavers among others (Flux 19). To sum it up, in ancient Egypt, unlike other ancient societies, women were given same legal and economic right. Women were allowed to own, manage and even sell their private properties. Through building projects, Hatshepsut ensured the divine property of both herself and her people.

Stanley kubrick Work of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Stanley kubrick Work of Art - Essay Example invented relatively unique technique that an artist or a film producer uses in their work to make it distinctive to the audience and to the artistic field. On the other hand, cinematography is an artistic creation of motion pictures photography using imagery and other stylistic techniques. Sequentially, the focus of this essay is to give an in depth analysis on four of Kubrick’s marvelous films in terms of the Mise-en Scenes and the cinematography aspect in each film. For Stanley, he implored the use of visual effects to try to portray the imaginative and scientific features. In addition, the film portrayed the director’s ardent love for science and science related themes. It was collaboration between science fiction writer Clarke Arthur and him. The movie also showed Kubrick’s fascination in the existence of life beyond planet earth implying that other planets could support human existence. In a remarkable blend, Kubrick infused classical music in to this film that mostly became the opening songs in this film. He also invoked contemporary music by natives of other countries to serve as introductory tracks in his movie. The classic music depicted the reality of the scenes that were actually fictitious. The musical background also provided a basis for the viewer to connect with the storyline. It characterized the serenity of events hence portraying harmony and piece within the movie For instance; he facilitated Gyorgy Ligeti in to co ming in to the lime light by building on his fame and popularity. The Mise-en-Scene aspect in this movie was the use of acutely little dialogue that made it stand out. For instance, the characters engage in few conversations all through the movie to emphasize on the need for its audience to follow through the movies events. The movie’s fast and last scenes are without any conversation that also reflects during the film. In between the film, there are long breaks in between conversations. On the other hand, the color aspect is

Outlining Career Goals Essay Example for Free

Outlining Career Goals Essay For this unit, you will write a 3-5 page paper (excluding title and reference pages) summarizing what you have learned about your chosen profession so far. It should be double-spaced, 12-point font, and use proper APA citations. Be sure you use the Writing Center and ask your instructor any questions before the assignment is due. See below for details. Incorporating your reading and research thus far in the course, write a 3-5 page paper (APA style), excluding title and reference pages, regarding your chosen profession. Your paper should include the following sections: overview of the profession educational requirements including any relevant certifications or credentials current issues relevant to your profession, summary of your career goals, and where you see yourself in 5 years. Your paper should include an introduction, topic sentence, supporting statements for each paragraph, and a conclusion. You will be graded not only on the content but your writing and format. Please see the project rubric located in the course syllabus. Outlining Career Goals Keyanna Retic Kaplan University Depending upon the size of the facility, location, and specialty, duties of a Medical assistant may vary. Medical assistant specialty is to complete all clinical tasks and administrative tasks in hospitals, physician offices, and other health care clinics. Their duties may include taking a patients vital signs and history, arranging appointments for patients, helping the physician with examinations, following physician orders and administering injections, and preparing blood samples for testing. When obtaining all the patients information, it is important for Medical Assistants to keep the patients information private and is not to be discussed with anyone but other physicians who are involved with the patients. They work in clean environments and relate with the patients, doctors and other medical professionals. Medical assistants are very busy and are required to complete a certain amount of tasks on a daily basis. They usually work 40 hours a week but some may work only part-time. There are different types of Medical Assistants and different duties depending on where the Medical Assistant practices. There are three types of medical assistants: administrative, specialized, and clinical. Administrative medical assistants are basically responsible for organizing all information in the facility. Specialized medical assistants deal with assisting in operating rooms, x-rays, help doctors administer eye care, instruct on contact lens usage, and work in all other types of specialized treatment centers. Clinical medical assistants mainly assist the doctors in the examination room and perform duties such as, drawing blood, administer medication, vital signs, change dressings, prep patients for x-rays and keeping work environment clean. Medical assistants have to learn how to multi-task. Sponsors believe that medical assistants are required to complete duties in a short period of time and learn how to keep up with all patients that they take care of and keep all important information all in the same hour. It may take some time getting used to but it is all a part of becoming a medical assistant. They also have to learn how to respond to the patients and keep in mind of the patients beliefs. There may come a time when medical assistants have to deal with mean and rude patients or even patients that are in a lot of pain, but that is why the medical assistant is there and certified for. Knowing how to deal with certain patients and their pain levels is a big priority in the medical field, so the best thing is to just have a mindset of calm and collective thoughts. Having the love and mindset for this job will make things so much easier and fun. I like anatomy and physiology. I like to read medical information and having the love in the medical field will help things run smooth and happy. On the job training is a faster way to become a medical assistant and it is possible to start a career in medical assisting that way although many people prefer to go through a training program or receive appropriate education. Typical medical assistant training programs lead to a degree or certificate, and last one or two years, respectively (QuinStreet, Inc, 2003-2012). The Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) or the Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools (ABHES) is medical assistant programs that the medical assistants go through to receive internships at clinics or hospitals. Medical terminology, physiology and anatomy, medical law, ethics, and patient relations are medical courses to be taken upon medical training. Keyboarding, record-keeping, accounting procedures, and insurance processing are office training courses. First aid, laboratory and clinical procedures, and administering medications are taught to students in the program. But although there is no national licensing requirements, depending on the state that the medical assistant decides to work in, medical assistants may have to receive a license to complete certain duties. One of several agencies certifies medical assistants and it is very important to get certified if medical assistants decide to apply for entry level positions. My first priority in starting my career as a medical assistant is to become certified first. Setting goals is one of the best methods that I can do in order to achieve and become a medical assistant. As a medical assistant, a goal that I would like to accomplish is getting involved in activities such as the American Association of Medical Assistants. The AAMA offer education opportunities so that medical assistants can enhance their educational skills and it offers seminars to attend. Getting involved in programs can help lead to career improvements and getting involved is another goal I have set for myself to push me forward. I would also like to become certified in different fields. The more fields I am certified in, the more money I will make and have more job duties to perform. As I move forward in my career, I will make it my goal to push myself harder into taking on high quality task and responsibilities. I will work extra hard to get promoted and receive other opportunities in my field, like becoming office manager. I am prepared to learn new things and enhance my knowledge. If any opportunities come my way, I am open and acceptable to anything. I am willing to put forth effort my success and stay dedicated as a medical assistant. I can see a clear picture of myself in a physician’s office putting my knowledge to work and doing what I love which is helping others. I can see myself advancing and making everyone proud. I know that it will take some time for me to complete all that I need to but in the end it will be worth the wait. In 5 years I hope to settle into an office where I know I will retire from and be happy. But the main thing for me is, that I will go with the flow and according to my facility I work in. I will just have to make wise decisions and keep my head up. I will never settle for less and work really hard and accept everything that I know I deserve. If trials and tribulations get in the way, I know that I will need to keep pushing forward. Medical assistants have to learn how to multi-task. They are required to complete duties in a short period of time and learn how to keep up with all patients that they take care of and keep all important information all in the same hour. It may take some time getting used to but it is all a part of becoming a medical assistant. They also have to learn how to respond to the patients and keep in mind of the patients beliefs. There may come a time when medical assistants have to deal with mean and rude patients or even patients that are in a lot of pain, but that is why the medical assistant is there and certified for. Knowing how to deal with certain patients and their pain levels is a big priority in the medical field, so the best thing is to just have a mindset of calm and collective thoughts. Having the love and mindset for this job will make things so much easier and fun. I like anatomy and physiology. I like to read medical information and having the love in the medical field will help things run smooth and happy. References QuinStreet, Inc. (2003-2012). Healthcare careers: Your information resource for education, training, and schools in the medical and allied healthcare fields. Retrieved from www.health-care-careers.org/medical-assistant-career-training.html Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Handbook, 2012-13 Edition, Medical Assistant, on the Internet at www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/medical-assistants.htm Sponsors. (n.d.). Medical assisting career job and training information. Retrieved from www.awesomelibrary.org/medical-assisting-career.html

Social psychology seems to have many origins; critically discuss the hi

There are many explanations for the origins of modern social psychology. It is therefore important to consider that social psychology cannot be traced back to one single source of origin (Burr, 2003). Hence, this is the reason why there are debates of what social psychology is. Allport (1985) described social psychology as â€Å"the study of people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviours which are influenced by the actual, imagines, or implied presence of others†. As seen from this definition there is a direct link between social science and the individual psychology (Sewel, 1989). Social psychology cannot be seen as a linear phenomenon. This is because social psychology has derived from combination of influences. The development of social psychology can be discussed in two different ways. Firstly, social psychology is argued to be found upon political movements and social philosophies in the United Stated of America (US). Secondary, it can be argued that social psychology developed due to the response of social and political needs. 3. There have been debates regarding whether social psychology should be dealt as a natural science or not. The ideology of natural science is very important as it affects the way the social psychologist deal with situations. For example, if there are specific scientific objectives then the study is laboratory based and uses experimental procedures in order to gain knowledge. Psychologists who use this positivistic method are classified as experimental social psychologists. On the other hand, critical-social psychology has competed with experimental-social psychologists. The strength of the critical-social psychologists is that they use a range of different methods in research, and are not limited to scienti... ...ocial psychology now has a great impact on social cognitive approach. Social cognition includes attribution, stereotypes, autism, (Striano & Reid, 2008). The European roots of social psychology have led to social constructionism and social representation. The modern social psychology is now constructed with the American and European doctrines. However, due to the political events and developing researches in social psychology, the disciple has only been able to contain within America (Cartwright, 1979). On the other hand, Gergen (1973) argued that social psychology cannot be interpreted as a science because social psychology is historically and culturally specific, which is the reason why the discipline is continuously changing. Critically speaking, there is an advantage of different approaches to social psychology, as it views dilemmas in different perspectives.

Prose Commentary: “The Dragon Can’t Dance”

The extract from Earl Lovelace's novel, â€Å"The Dragon Can't Dance†, is a highly descriptive prose which reveals the feelings the character Aldrick Prospect has for the loss of his community's traditional warrior mentality. The piece of prose provides us with a third-person yet detailed account of how ancient customs in Aldrick's home (presumably Trinidad and Tobago, as the capital of Port of Spain is mentioned as being a part of his locality) are disappearing in the face of more modern and temperate customs. Aldrick, the protagonist of the prose, yearns to reignite the people's passion for celebrating traditional carnivals, which he portrays in uniquely violent, sinister, vivid and energetic depiction. He has a sense of nostalgia for the past, when carnivals were more beastly. Even with this rather austere rendering of past carnivals, Lovelace insists that ancient traditions supersede the significance, awe and entertainment of modern carnivals, which present ‘clowns' and ‘fancy robbers'. Aldrick laments at the loss of almost antediluvian traditions, and his sadness is effectively conveyed in the intensely passionate prose. The passage is structured in two paragraphs, each comprising of twenty lines. The equal organization of the passage aids in making it clearer and more coherent. Lovelace is able to clearly contrast two opposing carnivals (past carnivals and the carnival Aldrick is experiencing in the present), thus allowing readers to make clear distinctions between them. The tone of the prose is generally calm and monotonous, with the narrator exposing a slight sense of dread towards what has become of the famous carnival. Although the language of the passage is generally simple and direct so as to give the reader a clear impression, Lovelace also adds a few colloquial phrases which originate from the West Indies. In Line 23, for example, ‘calypsos of rebellion' is mentioned, describing Philo's lost sense of tradition. In Line 30, ‘jab jabs' are mentioned as being part of the present carnival, again instilling a sense that the narrator is conversing with the reader in a casual manner appropriate for the West Indies. Rhythm in the passage is achieved through a multifarious number of methods. Most sentences are lengthy, and pauses are created with the frequent use of commas, which are regularly spaced to create a successful rhythm. It is the usage of commas in long sentences which give the passage most of its flow, as it creates a calm and slow-paced atmosphere, in which the narrator appears to be intensely contemplative. The lack of punctuation, however, aids in speeding the pace. Repetition is also used to create rhythm, as it accelerates the pace. Usage of this can be observed in Line 6, where ‘and' is repeated three times, and in line 6 to 7, in which ‘back' is repeated twice. Rhyming, especially in Line 1, provides the prose with a smoother flow, when the ‘backs of these thin shacks' are described. Rhyming, however, is not a very significant element in the passage, and usage of it is minimal. The listing of similar terms is evident throughout the passage and clearly generates a rhythmic beat. Line 10 contains a quintessential example of this technique, where ‘the village, the tribe, warriorhood and feminity' are grouped. Alliteration is applied for the same reason of creating a smooth beat, as it connects neighboring words more intensely, as is apparent in Line 1, with the phrase ‘Monday morning'. The usage of imagery in the passage is very subtle, and mainly utilized to describe what carnivals used to be like. The main symbol used to represent ancient customs is the dragon costume that Aldrick wears in preparation of the carnival. When Aldrick wears the dragon costume, he feels ‘a sense of entering a sacred mask that invested him with an ancestral authority', accentuating the amount of reverence that only Aldrick feels for ancient tradition. In Line 19 to 2o, the dragon is again used to illustrate Aldrick's attraction to ancient carnivals, as the narrator describes his aspiration to reestablish old traditions ‘like the open claws at a dragon's hand, threatening destruction'. The terms ‘open claws' and ‘destruction' serves to reinforce the link between ancient customs with violence and evil. Yet, even with this rather negative characterization of ancient customs, Aldrick urges people to practice them, so as ‘to let them see their beauty', as is shown in Line 18. In this line, however, ancient customs are linked with the release of ‘beauty'. The fusion of both violence and beauty to depict the carnival celebrated in bygone years creates a particularly strong oxymoron that enhances the mystery and virility of ancient customs. The image of the ancient carnival as evil, violent, and mysterious is further emphasized by terms such as ‘stickfighters' in Line 25, ‘warriorhood' and ‘devils' in Line 26, and ‘black' in Line 27, which are used by the narrator to recount an actual description of the ancient carnival. The usage of imagery is a vital component of enhancing the depiction of the ancient carnival, as it adds elements of mystery and fear. Personification is another literary device used by Lovelace for a variety of reasons. In Line 1, the narrator describes Monday as the ‘morning breaks upon the backs of these thin shacks', giving ‘morning' the ability to physically influence the structure of ‘shacks'. The phrase exudes a slight sense violence with the use of the word ‘breaks'. With this, one is reminded of the physically violent ancient carnivals. In Line 4, personification is again used in a similar method, with the term ‘awakening Hill'. Bestowing a hill with a human action gives the prose a mysterious and lively quality, which supports the main theme of attempting to prompt a return of primeval and violent traditions to Aldrick's homeland. The main theme of ancient carnivals in contrast with present-day carnivals is focused throughout the passage, partially due to repetition. ‘Rebellion' is a word frequently used in the prose, and underscores the violent nature of ancient carnivals which Aldrick tries to revive. ‘Black' is another term that is apparent in copious amounts throughout the passage. The repetition of black heightens the sense of mystery and evil surrounding ancient carnivals. The author Lovelace, primarily to add emotion and drama to the passage, also practices the literary device of onomatopoeia. The terms ‘crow', in Line 2, ‘beating' in Line 4, ‘cries' in Line 9, and ‘crack' and ‘tinkling' in Line 31 exemplify the use of onomatopoeia, and present readers with a more dramatic narration. Onomatopoeia also amplifies the amount of energy which the ancient carnival contains. All these literary devices effectively give the passage a somewhat poetic quality that enriches the impression of the carnivals to readers. The passage is a narrative account of how one person (Aldrick Prospect) yearns to revive his community's ancient carnivals, in the face of new, more peaceful carnivals. This ancient carnival originates from Africa, which is presumably where Aldrick and his community of people derive from. His longing for this has a certain dream-like quality, because of the mournful and monotonous tone. The consequential implication is that Aldrick yearning is more a pipe dream rather than a goal, and indeed, his desire for a return to ancient traditions are unachievable in the end. The narrator reveals that ancient traditions have always been a part of the people of the community, yet it has been suppressed in the face of modernization. This so-called ‘warrior mentality' has, instead, remained ‘if not in brain, certainly in blood', connoting that people still retain a primitive instinct which could be freed. The notion is starkly similar to Golding's novel â€Å"Lord of The Flies†, in which children who were taken away from their civilized atmosphere and placed in a natural environment devoid of human interference become more violent, evil, and generally primitive. In the passage, however, it is only Aldrick which retains and exhibits his primeval instincts, as he fails to make other people behave like him. As observed in Line 35, ‘the dragon alone was left to carry the message', depicting Aldrick's loss of support. Ultimately, even Aldrick himself admits that his thirst for ancient traditions is diminishing, as it states in Lines 39 to 40 that ‘maybe he didn't believe in the dragon anymore'. The last believer in ancient traditions- the dragon, has lost not only support for his cause, but perhaps even his own heart, as the forces of modernization triumph against the people's original roots. The basic theme presented is the loss of culture and primitive passion, which have simply developed into more pacific actions and behaviors with the progression of time. The people's need to ‘rebel' and fight has abated, and resultantly there is less of a need to demonstrate violence and fear. Aldrick is plainly a character who is trapped in an age where ancient violent traditions hold no practical value, thus creating a mournful atmosphere of suffering. In conclusion, I can assert that the passage from the novel â€Å"The Dragon Can't Dance†, by Lovelace, is exquisite in it's depiction of one man's loss of identity. The passage utilizes a combination of different literary devices to instill a lugubrious and melancholic atmosphere to perfectly suit the theme, which is the loss of ancient traditions. This unique theme is thus conveyed to readers in a very idiosyncratic yet effective manner, and the author's message is successfully expressed. On the whole, the passage is able to elucidate the complicated theme of the loss of tradition due to civilization in a simple and artistic and effective manner.

Is Global Warming Happening Or Not Happening Environmental Sciences Essay

What is planetary warming? Global heating can be defined as the increasing in temperature of Earth atmosphere and oceans. The increasing of temperature may be little yet important. Global heating is besides the enhanced of nursery consequence. Greenhouse consequence occurs due to the being of nursery gases. Greenhouse gases such as C dioxide, methane, etc absorb infrared radiation. Sunlight radiation passes through the Earth ‘s ambiance, arrives Earth ‘s surface. A part of it is absorbed by the Earth ‘s surface while the other will be re-radiated back to infinite in signifier of infrared radiation. Greenhouse gases like C dioxide, methane, etc trap this infrared radiation and reflect it back to Earth ‘s surface and cause warming consequence. Without those nursery gases, H2O will stop dead and there will be no life on Earth as the Earth ‘s temperature drops dramatically. With excessively much of it, planetary heating occurs. I believe there is happening of planetary heating. Even though there are some statements against planetary heating, For case, some of the people argued that the scientific discipline of planetary heating is non proved. Besides, they argued that scientists may overstate the consequence of planetary heating as they wish to have financess from environmental organisations. Furthermore, some people thought that scientist non ever right, they may do mistakes in computation and giving wrong anticipations. Besides, scientists believe that the Sun end product has greatly changed since 1970, so there is non-occurrence of planetary heating. And, some people said that the Troposphere information does n't demo the same grade of warming as expected. Meanwhile, some scientists believe that natural emanation of green house gases is greater than unreal emanation ( Human Activities ) . However, those statements are non-sense. As there are tonss of groundss prove that there is happening of planetary he ating. First, the concentration of nursery gases such as C dioxide is increasing at an speed uping rate. C dioxide graph.gif The graph above ( cited from hypertext transfer protocol: //co2now.org/ ) shows the concentration of C dioxide from the twelvemonth of 1955 boulder clay 2010. Concentration of C dioxide increases decennary by decennary. The increasing of concentration of C dioxide rises the temperature of Earth as it traps the infrared radiation that re-radiated by Earth. Hence, planetary heating occurs. Besides, concentration of methane is increasing dramatically since industrial revolution. The graph below shows that the methane concentration in ambiance from Methane concentration.gif twelvemonth of 1984 till twelvemonth of 2005. Methane is one of the nursery gases that able to pin down more infrared radiation if compared to carbon dioxide. High concentration of methane further increases the consequence of planetary heating. Second, sea degree rises. There are 2 factors that cause sea rise, one of the factors is the Increasing in planetary temperature melts the universe ‘s glaciers that will let go of H2O to raise the sea degree. For case, ice cap on Mountain Kilimanjoro ( a mountain that is located in north- eastern Tanzania and the highest mountain in Africa. ) will be disappeared in 20 old ages. About 82 % of the ice cap has disappeared since it was foremost mapped in 1912. Besides, great sum ( around 87 % ) of Antarctic ice sheets have melted and collapsed into the sea. The 2nd factor is thermic enlargement of sea H2O. As planetary temperature is increasing at an speed uping rate, the temperature of the H2O of the sea additions, sea becomes less dense. This phenomenon will do the sea H2O to distribute. Once spreading occurs, sea H2O degree rises. ( Jeffrey Chanton, 2002 ) This information has proven that sea degree rises twelvemonth by twelvemonth, decennary by decennary. Recent_Sea_Level_Rise. png This is the graph that shows the recent sea degree rise. It is increasing decennary by decennary at an dismaying rate. With merely one sea degree rises, islands such as Maldives would disappear shortly in the hereafter. If this phenomenon continues, shortly, metropoliss like London, Bangkok and New York will below the sea degree. These are the groundss of planetary heating. They are so important. Third, ocean becomes acidic. Concentration of C dioxide is increasing at an speed uping rate. Carbon dioxide will fade out in ocean H2O, increases the concentration of H ions ( H+ ions ) as C dioxide will go carbonaceous acid, carbonaceous acid will further hydrolyse to hydrogen ions. Here is the equation of it. CO2A + H2O & lt ; = & gt ; H2CO3A & lt ; = & gt ; H+A + HCO3-ATherefore ocean H2O becomes acidic. Since 18th century, pH of sea H2O beads by somewhat more than 0.1 units. In the hereafter, the pH value will drop further. The effects are important, H2O that is acidic able to fade out the shells of aquatic beings. Aquatic beings like salmon, oysters and clinchs are sensitive to acidified H2O. Harmonizing to the article of acidified ocean H2O endanger marine life from Mexico to Vancouver Island, scientist, Lanson and her co-workers did some research on sea H2O of Queen Charlotte Sound, North of Vancouver Island, to northern Mexico. They found out that the sea H2O is caustic. As she mentioned that, the acidified sea H2O brings great impact on shell aquatic beings as the corrosiveness of the sea H2O dissolve their shell. Soon in the hereafter, the ecosystem of ocean will be affected. Fourthly, O depletion zones across universe ‘s ocean. Dead and low life zones are spread outing in universe ‘s oceans presents. Fig. 2. The graph above shows the correlativity between the concentration of O and C dioxide in hatches and staircases. The concentration of C dioxide is reciprocally relative to concentration of O. This graph has proven that the increasing of concentration of C dioxide that cause planetary heating will do O depletion in universe ‘s ocean every bit good. Harmonizing to a scientific discipline study that published by the research workers of University of Kiel, Germany, states that O content is diminishing in cardinal and eastern equatorial Africa and in the equatorial of Pacific. Besides, zones off the seashore of California and in the Gulf of Mexico are confronting diminishing in O content. While, subarctic Pacific is the top of it. Oxygen depletion causes extinction of aquatic beings. This will greatly impact human shortly in the hereafter, as human loss their beginning of nutrient. In the hereafter, dead fishes and other aquatic animals will drift on sea surface. More and more oceans will turn into dead sea because of planetary heating. The image below shows that the dead fishes that float on sea surface due to oxygen depletion that occurs in their home ground. O depletion.jpg The 5th grounds is climate alteration. Climate alteration is the changing of clime over a period of clip. Climate alteration may be limited to specific parts or occurs globally. Nowadays, the conditions is acquiring warmer and heater. Heat is constructing up on Earth ‘s surface. Drought occurs often in the past 30 old ages due to planetary heating. As an illustration, monolithic California fires. Besides that, planetary warming leads to other utmost conditions forms such as more hurricanes. For case, in August/September 2004, a moving ridge of hurricanes devastates Caribbean islands and parts of south eastern United States. Increasing of temperature of ocean H2O increases the opportunities of hurricanes as the H2O evaporates, it will organize hurricane while warm H2O will assist to keep strength and strength of hurricane. Besides, heavy rainfall and intense rain occur often presents due to planetary heating. Warmer temperature causes H2O evaporates more and big sum of wet in th e ambiance. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.preventionweb.net/english/includes/gpgraph/bars_occurence_hazard_hubpage.php? hazard=flood The graph above shows that the figure of inundation occurred ( reported ) around the universe. ( Source of informations: OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database ) . Number of inundation is increasing twelvemonth by twelvemonth, because of planetary heating. The 6th grounds is the alterations in agricultural field. As planetary heating changes the planetary temperature, utmost conditionss occur ; modified weed, plague and pathogen exist. Crop output decreases at low-latitude country ( Schneider et al, 2007 ) . Increasing temperature causes A The past few old ages have seen the Northern Hemisphere and other topographic points around the Earth experience higher temperatures that caused by planetary heating, which could ease growing features for certain plagues. For case, British Columbia, Canada has had a pine beetle infestation that threatens to destruct between 70-80 % of their woods by 2013.A Besides, planetary warming nowadayss new challenges for corn plague direction, as high temperature improves prevalence of insect plagues, increases winter-survival. Plagues that onslaught corn that is winter-intolerance, due to increasing in planetary temperature, they survive during winter season and they attack corn and causes dropping of harvest output and besides alterations in harvest output variableness. This is proven by scientists, Noah SA Diffenbaugh, Christian HA Krupke, Michael AA WhiteA andA Corinne EA Alexander. Furthermore, harmonizing to on-line journal Environmental Research Letters proves that increasing in planetary temperature reduced production of maizes, wheat and barley by 40 million metric dozenss per twelvemonth between 1981 and 2002. Compared to the information from Food and Agriculture Organization, outputs of wheat, rice, maize, soya beans, barley and sorghum, fell by 3-5 % for every 1 grade F rise. Furthermore, harmonizing to MAHA Malaysia, maple sirup production in America is diminishing approximately 10 % due to warmer and shorter winter. While drouth that occurs because of planetary heating causes H2O deficit, serious thesis greatly affects agribusiness. A scientific study from Colorado State University besides shows that increasing in planetary temperature causes croping lands to be less produc tive. hypertext transfer protocol: //fishsnorkel.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/crop-yields-jpeg.jpg? w=460 & A ; h=314 The graph above shows the decrease of the 10 twelvemonth turn overing growing rate in universe entire harvest yield/hectare since the agricultural revolution ( Data beginning, FAO ) . Besides, human wellness is greatly affected by planetary heating and clime alterations. This can be strong grounds that prove the happening of planetary heating. Extreme conditions events greatly affected human wellness. For case, utmost conditions that causes flood causes human decease and besides water-borne diseases spread in an accelerating rate. While heat moving ridges in Europe in August, 2003 resulted in extra mortality in the scope of 35,000 entire deceases. And drought brought infective diseases such as meningitis that greatly infected occupants in semi- and sub-Saharan Africa. Climate alteration besides alters the distribution of infective diseases vectors, as hurricanes and rains provide engendering beds for the vectors. Those infective diseases vectors attack human being. Hence, human mortality rate additions. Some scientific surveies have found out that higher temperature increased episodes of diarrhoeal disease in grownups and kids in Peru. Increasing in planetary temp erature non merely affects harvest output, animate beings yet human being. Water crisis is really familiar in this modern epoch. As planetary heating, clime alteration affects H2O resources. In the West, there is a turning Water exigency in Southern British Columbia, as the reservoirs are now merely at 30 per cent. In China, drought brings H2O crisis, thaw of the glaciers of Qinghai-Tibet tableland in Western China due to planetary heating reduces their potable H2O resources. The other strong grounds that prove there is happening of planetary heating is the migration of works and aquatic beings in the ocean. For case, many species of plankton are traveling north to get away the warming H2O on the sea surface off Greenland and Alaska. Besides, Eider ducks that live on St. Lawrence migrate 100 stat mis north to a part with colder clime. This strongly implicates that the heating of H2O off the island. Furthermore, harmonizing to the on-line diary, Global Warming Effects seen in animate being and works universes, 99 species in North America and Europe showed that wildlife such as birds, butterflies and alpine herbs shifted northerly an mean 6.1km per decennary. Global warming causes temperature-sensitive wildlife to seek for ice chest locations that are farther North. Besides, 172 species of migratory birds, amphibious vehicles were engendering earlier in spring, workss and vegetations blossoming earlier. Those groundss support the happening of planetary heating.

El Catrin The Man in Many Forms Professor Ramos Blog

El Catrin The Man in Many Forms I’ve never been a fan of demons or ghosts. The thought of having the dead come back to life in an untouchable physical form only brings fear and shock to my stomach. They appear in spirit form, yet this is only told through many individuals’ experiences. Consequently, it is hard to provide credible proof that any monster occurrences are true. Hearing about evil spirits wandering at night and just standing there, and knowing it is possible for something lifeless to cause harm is quite unsettling. One of the most famous stories that terrified me as a child was El Catrin (The Gentleman). In Spanish culture, stories of The Gentleman have been passed down through generations as a lesson about cultural allegory for the man of many forms or as a good scare for children to become obedient. The story alters among traditions. However, it continues to live through generations, becoming memorable in one’s life. Although the purpose of El Catrin is to be used as a disciplinar y tool, the story represents monsters as a cultural aspect through Jeffrey Cohen’s Seven Monster Theses and is a monster that is 3/4. He is definitely a monster whose origin stories are worth hearing if you are into fear. His fear factor is what makes him such a respectable monster. A Catrà ­n was a term popularized in Mexicos Porfiriato that was used for men who would dress in an elegant manner and came from an upper class which could see on the bottom left of men dress formal. Posada mocks the style of elite men (Wikipedia) when the style of men was changed. These guys loved and were not afraid to show it off. Their outfits would normally include striped pants, a cane and a bowler hat (top hats were also worn). Catrines became a national icon thanks to the loterà ­a game, which is like Bingo but with images and names. Have you ever spotted a mysterious figure in the middle of the night? As you approach it, you catch a glimpse of a tall dapper man wearing a pristine suit. However, there was something eerie about him. He asks you in a polite manner for directions to a nearby town that you might or might not be familiar with. Even if you doubted about helping this stranger at first, you showed him the route. He thanked you for your time and headed to his destin ation. â€Å"Who was he? Why was he wearing a suit? you ask yourself as his shadow fades into the low-spirited darkness. You are not sure why, but you get the feeling you have just greeted an otherworldly being. A monster. A Devil. The Catrà ­n has been seen walking on peoples rooftops, riding his horse in lonely roads, inviting townsfolk for a drink at his home, strolling through the fields of agave or just waiting in the cemetery for anyone willing to make a deal with him. This demonic being was told by my grandparents a day when we were playing Loteria. My grandmother picked up the card of â€Å"EL CATRIN† (The gentlemen) and asked us if we knew who he was. My brother said Yes, it’s â€Å"El Catrin†. She responded by saying NO! With a straight face, she said i’s the devil. We knew at that point she wasn’t playing around because she never does. She sat down and told us the first time she saw him. It was after dark; they we’re coming back from picking up some flowers for a party they were hosting. It took them a while. She said it was a 2hr drive back and there weren’t any freeways like here in the U.S. it was a dirt road. My grandfather was driving, and my grandmother was sitting passenger side just having a conversation so the time could pass by. They noticed that it was getting dark and it really hard to see the road. They noticed a man well-dressed along the sidewalk trying to get their attention. They thought it was odd because they wondered why a well-dressed man would be in the dark and that you don’t see that around here. They kept driving. They noticed that the gentlemen were always trying to get their attention again and again even more. This gave them chills because it also looked like they weren’t moving forward at all. Every time they saw him, his face would change into something sinister. At this point, my grandmother pulled out her rosary and said she started to pray with my grandfather until they didn’t see this disturbing figure anymore. Once the road was finished, it was clear to see and â€Å"El Catrin† was nowhere to be seen. Until this day, they said it was all real. I believe my grandparents because they’re not the type to be fooling around they’re a very catholic family. My uncles, aunts and cousins would always bring this story up to us. Till this day they said it’s real they seen it too. â€Å"El Catrin† (The Gentlemen) meets the criteria of a lot of the monster theories that are stated by Cohen. Moreover, one of the better theories he meets the criteria of in my opinion is thesis 2.    He represents the anxiety of the unfamiliar and if he is left to his own devices there is no telling what he can do with his divinity like strength and rule. Another reason to why he always escapes is because there has never been a single way to even stop the devil himself in the first place. Some may see this as a defect to a monster, but in my opinion, it fits very well with the intent behind the monster. You cannot stop the unknown, you can only ignore it by staying in bubble. Now on to thesis 3. Whenever â€Å"El Catrin† shows up, the crisis has already started. When the monster is in his torpor-like state, he can still affect the mind of people and make bizarre things happen, which makes people stop what they’re doing and go see him. By which then itâ€℠¢s too late. He doesn’t even have to physically intervene to cause a fear but once he does, then the fear prolongs. Thesis 7, I have been referencing him, what makes him the scariest is because you have no idea what he will do next, he brings back our fears of the unknown, and the monster itself can’t be scary, people see it his final form which he later reveals himself as the devil. We terrorize what our imagination makes of him. With everything I have stated about â€Å"El Catrin† I have concluded and have no hesitation in my mind that he is a rating 3 outa 4-star rating monster. He represents our fear of the unknown, something we can never get away from no matter how hard we try. There’s no way to kill it, and no way to make it go away. Even if you think you are out of his grasp, he always has a way of showing back up. When I think of truly demonic, he is the first monster I think of because he is the one that makes you think about just how scary he is. Not only that, my grandparents were also the ones who told me this story, which made it scarier since they’re not the type to be telling scary stories. So, the next time you play Loteria, think twice when you pick up his card. Or if you find yourself driving at night and see a well-dressed man trying to get your attention, grab your rosary and start praying so he could go away if not your soul could become his†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Work Cited: Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome. â€Å"Monster Culture: Seven Theses.† From Monster Theory: Reading   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996. 3-25. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porfiriato https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Catrin https://aminoapps.com/c/villainous-4971691/page/blog/black-hat-catrin-headcanon-contest-entry/g025_gG5h6uVnaqNDzKWeEmn40NQPVDBeX5

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Strategic Management - Essay Example m the perspective of business and management therefore lies in its insight on the value of understanding the external environment and gaining constant information about how market behaves. Only those organizations can survive which develop the ability to know about their competition and continue to learn and become knowledge base. Knowledge based organizations make it necessary for themselves to accumulate knowledge and opposite views while at the same time ensure that they continue to develop their own ability to function. (Prusak) It is therefore critical for such organizations to ensure that they adapt best practices however, also retain their original way of doing things. This also suggests that it is critical for firms to continue to develop their core competencies while at the same time continue to focus on acquiring new knowledge and ways of doing things. (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson) This quote therefore is of significant importance in terms of ensuring that the organizations don’t become complacent and continue to evolve themselves. This would require them to acquire new as well as opposing ideas while at the same time continue to retain their ability to